Thonje la thonje biodegraded ndi zipper ndi hanging
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Zokhudza Thumba la pepala: mbiri yake, oyambitsa ndi mitundu lero
Chikwama chachikulu cha bulauni chimakhala ndi mbiri yayitali, yosangalatsa.
Matumba a bulauni asanduke pamoyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku: Timazigwiritsa ntchito kunyamula zogunda nyumba, imagula zogulitsa zathu za dipatimenti, ndikunyamula zotupa za ana athu. Ogulitsa amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati chinsalu chopanda kanthu pazomwe zimapangidwa. Othandizira achinyengo kapena okonda kuvala ngakhale masks ku Halowini. Ndikosavuta kuiwala kuti winawake, kale, adawapanga iwo!
Omwe adawapatsa chikwama cha pepala
Kwa zaka zambiri, matumba opangidwa ndi jute, canvas, ndi Burlap anali njira yoyamba yogwiritsira ntchito ndi kusuntha ufumu ku Britain mu Britain. Phindu lalikulu la zinthuzi linali chilengedwe chawo cholimba, koma zopanga zake zinakhala ndi nthawi komanso zodula. Komabe, pepala limatha kupangidwa pamtengo wotsika kwambiri, ndipo posakhalitsa idakhala nkhani yabwino kwambiri ya m'matumba onyamula munjira zamalonda.
Kuyambira chiyambi chake m'ma 1800s, chikwama cha pepalacho chadutsa zambiri chifukwa cha zokolola zochepa. Mu 1852, Francis wollelle adapanga makina oyamba kupangira matumba akulu. Ngakhale thumba la pepala la Wolle limawoneka ngati envulopu yayikulu kuposa malo ogulitsa kwambiri omwe tikudziwa lero (ndipo motero amangogwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika zinthu zazing'ono ndi zothandizira pakugwiritsa ntchito mapepala.
Gawo lofunikira lotsatira la mapangidwe a chikwamacho chinachokera ku Margaret Knight, yemwe amafunsira kale kenako amagwira ntchito ku Colombia Pepala la Trumbia. Kumeneku, adazindikira matumba otayika amenewo, m'malo mopanga envelopu ya olle, ndi yothandiza komanso yothandiza. Adalenga makina ake opanga mapepala ogulitsa mafakitale, ndikukhazikitsa njira yogwiritsa ntchito zikwama zofananira pamapepala. Makina ake anali opindulitsa kwambiri kuti angapeze kampani yake, kampani yamapepala am'matambo. Mukabweretsa chakudya kunyumba kuchokera ku supermarket kapena kugula chovala chatsopano kuchokera ku dipatimenti, mukusangalala ndi zipatso za ntchito ya Knight.
Matumba otalika kwambiriwa anali akusowa gawo limodzi la thumba la pepala lomwe tikudziwa ndi kukonda lero: mbali. Titha kuthokoza Charles tikhalabebe pazowonjezera izi, zomwe zidapangitsa matumba okhala ndi osavuta kusunga. Wopanga makina pogwiritsa ntchito malonda, rietter
Koma dikirani - pali zina! Mu 1918, awiri a St. Paul St. Mwa kubowola mabowo m'matumba a m'mapepala ndikuyika chingwe chomwe chimachulukitsa monga chogwirizira ndi pansi, madongosolo adapeza kuti makasitomala amatha kunyamula chakudya chimodzi m'thumba lililonse. Panthawi yomwe kugula ndalama ndi kunyamula ndalama kunali kutaya kutumiza kunyumba, izi zidatsimikizira kuti ndizatsopano.
Kodi matumba a pepala amapangidwa ndi chiyani?
Ndiye kodi chikwama ndi zinthu ziti zomwe chikwama chimapangidwadi? Zida zodziwika bwino zamatumba mapepala ndi pepala la Kraft, lomwe limapangidwa kuchokera ku tchipisi la nkhuni. Poyambirira pakati pa katswiri wazamankhwala waku Germany dzina lake Carl F. Dahl mu 1879, njira yopangira matraft pepala ili motere. Kenako zamkati mwake imawerengedwa, kutsukidwa, ndikuphatikizidwa, kutenga mawonekedwe ake omaliza ngati pepala lofiirira tonse timazindikira. Kukoka kumeneku kumapangitsa pepala la Kraft makamaka kukhala lolimba (chifukwa chake dzina lake, lomwe ndi lachijeremani la "Mphamvu"), ndi zabwino zonyamula katundu wolemera.
Ndi chiyani chimadziwitsa kuchuluka kwa pepala la pepala?
Zachidziwikire, pali zambiri zoti atole chikwama changwiro kuposa zinthu zokha. Makamaka ngati mukufuna kunyamula zinthu zambiri kapena zolemera, pali zinthu zina zofunika kuziganizira mukamasankha zofunikira zanu:
Kulemera kwa pepala
Amadziwikanso kuti kubera, kunenepa kwa pepalali ndi gawo la kuchuluka kwa pepala laukali, m'mapaundi, zokhudzana ndi ma repams a 500. Nambala yapamwambayo, yokwera, yolemetsa ndi yolemera.
